Pulmonary embolism - pathophysiology
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition where a blood clot blocks pulmonary arteries, usually originating from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular dysfunction, and ventilation-perfusion mismatch, causing hypoxemia and potentially death. Understanding Virchow's triad (hypercoagulability, stasis, and endothelial injury) is vital for comprehending PE's development and guiding prevention and treatment strategies.
Key points
- PE primarily originates from DVT and obstructs pulmonary arteries, leading to hemodynamic and respiratory compromise.
- Right ventricular dysfunction is a critical consequence of PE, requiring immediate attention and supportive care.